We are now at the last abstract tidbits of Sindarin verbs.

Irregular Verbs

Not all verbs follow the pattern we've figured out. These we call irregular verbs, and the best way to deal with them is just memorize them. Keep this list handy when translating until you have it memorized.

"Give" (anna-)
Past tense: one-
3rd person singular past tense: aun

"Do/make/build" (car-)
Past tense: agore-
3rd person singular past tense: agor
Past participle: carnen

"Hammer" (damma-)
Past tense: damminne-
3rd person singular past tense: dammint

"Hew" (drava-)
3rd person singular past tense: dram

"Hold/have/possess; be able/can" (gar-)
Infinitive: garo

"drink" (soga-)
3rd person present tense: sôg
Past tense: sunge-
3rd person singular past tense: sunc

"Give greetings" (suilanna-)
Past tense: suilone-
3rd person singular past tense: suilaun

"Fence" (thora-)
Past tense: thore-
3rd person singular past tense: thaur

"Recount a tale/ tell a story" (trenar-)
Past tense: trenori-
3rd person singular past tense: trenor

The Impersonal Tense

Some verbs have it, some don't, but most importantly, an impersonal verb is a verb that doesn't have a subject. Or, it has an understood, very vague subject, normally along the lines of "one".

"Rain" (elia-) has normal conjugation as well as impersonal conjugation. The subject that is understood here is "the sky".
Impersonal present tense: ail. It means, "It is raining."
Impersonal past tense: aul. It means, "It rained."
Exaples:
It is raining animals? Idiocy! It rains water! - Ail levain? Pe-channas! Ail nen!
It rained during our conversation. - Aul ned athrabeth vîn.

"Need" (boe-) has only one form, and that is the impersonal tense. It could be present tense, past tense, or future tense, it doesn't matter, it is always the same. There are several ways to translate sentences with this verb.
Impersonal tense: boe. It means, "it is necessary" or "one must".
Examples:
We must defend the bridge.
(Literally:) It is necessary to defend the bridge. - Boe beriad i iant.
(Literally:) It is necessary that we defend the bridge. - Boe i beriam i iant.
(Literally:) One must defend the bridge. - Boe beria i iant.
He needed water.
(Literally:) It is necessary that he had water. - Boe i e garn nen.
He will need water.
(Literally:) It is necessary that he will have water. - Boe i e geritha nen.

A Possible Subjunctive/Conditional Tense

In the King's Letter, there is an odd little phrase. "I sennui Panthael estathar aen." It is translated as "Who ought to be called Fullwise." Literally though, it says, "Who instead Fullwise we will name…" with the meaning of "aen" uncertain. Some claim it is a third person pronoun. Other's claim it could mean, "may it be so!" Others say it could be a helping verb for the subjunctive conjugation. I will teach the last idea… though it is still very uncertain.

This conjugation is the same for both A-verbs and I-verbs. Conjugate the verb in its future tense and put the word "aen" after it. It goes before adverbs or pronouns to be right next to the verb.
Example: It should/could/would rain during evening. - Eliatha aen ned thin.

For the past tense, conjugate the verb in the past tense and place (aen) in the same place that you would for the future tense.
Example: You should/could/would have run. - Yrnich aen.

Homework

Symbols that you may need:
áéíóúý
ÁÉÍÓÚÝ
âêîôûŷ
ÂÊÎÔÛŶ

Wordbank

Nouns:
Adab-house
Adan-man
Aran-king
Cardh-deed
Corf-ring
Dôr-land
Elvellon-Elfriend
Hadhod-Dwarf
Iaeth-neck
Iâr-blood
Lembas-waybread
Mellon-friend
Menel-sky
Miruvor-miruvor
Mist-error
Narn-story
Orch-Orc
Perian-Hobbit
Râd-path
Randír-wanderer (masculine)
Sant-garden
Taes-nail

Verbs:
Bad-go/leave
Cen-see
Delia-hide
Mad-eat
Nor-run
Thia-appear

Adverb:
Farn-enough

Adjectives:
Celebren-silver
Lhaew-ill

Translate the following sentences into Sindarin.

[translate three different ways] [informal] You must recount your deeds. - Boe i trenerich gairdh gîn. Boe trenared gairdh gîn. Boe trenar gairdh gîn.
The wanderer made himself a path. - I randír agor râd enin.
Gimli Elfriend hewed the orc's neck. - Gimli Elvellon dram i iaeth orch.
The group of Dwarves left when we drank the king's miruvor. - I chadhodrim bennir ir sungem i viruvor aran.
[informal] You gave greeting to my friend. - Suilonech am mellon nîn.
Melian fenced the land. - Melian thaur i nôr.
I recounted a tale about a friend's error. - Trenorin narn o vist mellon.
[formal] You should eat this waybread; you appear ill. - Medithach aen lembas hen, thiach lhaew.

Nerithon aen ae deliathon aen. - I would run if I could hide.
E di trenor o nin! - He told them stories about me!
Thoren i hant. - I fenced the garden.
I berian sunc an neled edain. - The Hobbit drank for three men.
Damminnem i thaeg ar agorem adab. - We hammered the nails and made a house.
Istálion aun gorf gelebren enni. - Istálion gave me a silver ring.
Ail iâr! - It is raining blood!
Bennir aen ir nin cennir. - They should have left when they saw me.