Now we will study when verbs become adjectives.

The Present Participle

For the A-verb, take off the A from the root and add (-ol).
Example: From the word "babble" (glavra-) we get "babbling" (glavrol).

For the I-verb, add (-el) onto the root.
Example: From the word "leap" (cab-) we get "leaping" (cabel).

For I-verbs ending in (-ir), add (-iel) onto the root.
Example: From the word "guard" (tir-) we get "guarding" (tiriel).

With present participles, you must be very careful that you aren't confusing them for gerunds and vice versa. The thing to keep in mind most with these is that they are adjectives. They can become plural.
Examples:
The singing man - I venn linnol
The singing men - I minn linnyl

In English, we use active participles to make the passive present tense. This isn't done in Sindarin. If you find yourself translating "[to be] _participle_", you know that you need the present tense verb conjugation.

The Past Participle

For the A-verb, simply conjugate it in the first person past tense.
Example: From the word "babble" (glavra-) we get "babbled" (glavrannen).

For the I-verb, change the consonant like you do for the past tense, add (-en) to it, and don't change the vowel.
Example: From the word "leap" (cab-) we get "leapt" (cammen).

These participles, like the present participles, are treated like adjectives. They can become plural. Don't use them as verbs. If you find yourself translating "to have/(past tense of) to be _participle_", you know you need the past tense verb conjugation instead.
Examples:
The stone is fallen. - I ngonn dannen.
A cloven branch - Golf ristannen
The withered trees - I ngelaidh bellin.

The Perfect Participle

This participle is difficult. The vowels in the roots change, but not as they have before.

For the A-verb, remove the A, add (-iel) to the root, and change the final vowel this way:
a-->ó
e-->ó
ei-->ó
i-->í
o-->ú
u-->ú
The rest do not change.

For the A-verbs ending in (-ia) or (-uia), remove the A, add (-el), and the final vowel changes the same way it does for the normal A-verb.
Examples:
From the word "refuse" (ava-) we get "having refused" (óviel).
From the word "protect" (beria-) we get "having protected" (bóriel).
From the word "play" (teilia-) we get "having played" (tóliel).
From the word "glister" (thilia-) we get "having glistened" (thíliel).
From the word "survive" (brona-) we get "having survived" (brúniel).
From the word "labor" (muda-) we get "having labored" (múdiel).

For A-verbs ending in multiple consonants like (-cha), (-tha), (-dha), (-sta), (-mma), (-nna), and so on, the vowels change a little differently. This also applies when multiple consonants are combined with (-ia):
a-->e
o-->e
The rest don't change.
Examples:
From the word "babble" (glavra-) we get "having babbled" (glevriel).
From the word "fear" (gosta-) we get "having feared" (gestiel).

For I-verbs, add (-iel) onto the root and change the final vowel this way:
a-->ó
e-->í
i-->í
o-->ú
y-->iú
The rest don't change.

Examples:
From the word "slay" (dag-) we get "having slain" (dógiel).
From the word "keep" (heb-) we get "having kept" (híbiel).
From the word "guard" (tir-) we get "having guarded" (tíriel).
From the word "lead" (tog-) we get "having led" (túgiel).
From the word "run" (yr-) we get "having ran" (iúriel).

This participle acts a little like a gerund. It begins dependant clauses and can't be made plural, but there the similarity stops. It can't act like a verb. It can't take the place of the past tense verb in a sentence. Since there are objects to the dependant clauses, the object is lenited.
Examples:
The boy, having played with his friends, came home. - I iôn tóliel na vellyn în toll am mar.
Having labored during the day in the field, the woman ate well. - Múdiel ned i aur min barth i vess mant vae.
Having slain a balrog, I led the lady home. - Dógiel valrog tyngin i chiril am mar.

Homework

Symbols that you may need:
áéíóúý
ÁÉÍÓÚÝ
âêîôûŷ
ÂÊÎÔÛŶ

Wordbank

Verbs:
Aníra-desire
Aphada-follow
Fir-fade/die
Gleina-limit
Gonod-count
Gweria-cheat
Hwinia-spin
Loda-float
Lútha-enchant
Muda-labor
Onna-beget
Partha-arrange
Puia-spit
Raeda-catch in a net
Ritha-jerk
Sautha-drain
Than-kindle
Thel-intend
Yr-run

Nouns:
Dîr-man
Cae-dirt
Lim-fish
Oll-streem
Mirian-money
Pennas-history/past
Tôr-brother
Hên-child
Lach-flame

Adverbs:
Ennas-there

Conjugate all of the verbs in the word bank into present participles, in both their plural and regular forms.

Aníra - anírol / eníryl
Aphada - aphadol / ephedyl
Fir - firiel / firil
Gleina - gleinol / gleinyl
Gonod - gonodel / genedyl
Gweria - gweriol / gweryl
Hwinia - hweniol / hwenyl
Loda - lodol / ledyl
Lútha - lúthol / lýthyl
Muda - mudol / mydyl
Onna - onnol / ennyl
Partha - parthol / perthyl
Puia - puiol / puiyl
Raeda - raedol / raedyl
Ritha - rithol / rithyl
Sautha - sauthol / soethyl
Than - thanel / thenil
Thel - thelel / thelil
Yr - yrel / yril

Conjugate all of the verbs in the word bank into past participles, in both their plural and regular forms.

Aníra - anírannen / enírennin
Aphada - aphannen / ephennin
Fir - firnen / firnin
Gleina - gleinannen / gleinennin
Gonod - gononnen / genennin
Gweria - gweriannen / gweriennin
Hwinia - hweniannen / hweniennin
Loda - lodannen / ledennin
Lútha - lúthannen / lýthennin
Muda - mudannen / mydennin
Onna - onnen / ennin
Partha - parthannen / perthennin
Puia - puiannen / puiennin
Raeda - raedannen / raedennin
Ritha - rithannen / rithennin
Sautha - sauthannen / soethennin
Than - thannen / thennin
Thel - thellen / thellin
Yr - yrnen / yrnin

Conjugate all of the verbs in the word bank into perfect participles.

Aníra - aníriel
Aphada - aphódiel
Fir - fíriel
Gleina - glóniel
Gonod - gonúdiel
Gweria - gwóriel
Hwinia - hwíriel
Loda - lúdiel
Lútha - lúthiel
Muda - múdiel
Onna - enniel
Partha - perthiel
Puia - puiel
Raeda - raediel
Ritha - ríthiel
Sautha - sauthiel
Than - thóniel
Thel - thíliel
Yr - iúriel

Translate these sentences into Sindarin.

The cheated man spat in the dirt. - I nîr 'weriannen puiant min gae.
Having desired to catch a fish, I was draining the spinning stream. - Aníriel raedad lim sauthannen i oll chwiniol.
[informal] Count your money; that man, having cheated in the past, intends to run with it. - Gonodo virian gîn, dîr dan gwóriel ned i bennas thêl yred na han.

Translate these sentences into English.

Ritho i lim firnen lúdiel. - Jerk the dead fish, having floated.
Lúthiel dôr nîn e den aphant 'nin oll a onnant ennas chên na den. - Having enchanted my brother, she followed him to the stream and there begot a child with him.
Aphado i laich thennin. - Follow the kindled flames.