Westron
Note: Etymological notes and roots are mostly speculative, based on Etymologies of the Atani Languages by Lalaith.
-a m. suff ~ pûta batta dûkan ~ Ad. ~ ân (*TAN)
Adûni name. Westron ~ PM/316 ~ Ad. Adûnayê (NDU)
aran n. king ~ S. aran
arantha/aranthe n. queen ~ S. aran
ba-, ban(a) adj. half ~ PM/51 ~ (BAN2)
balc adj. horrible ~ UT/313 ~ S. balch
ban name. Sam ~ PM/51 ~ often held to be short for Bannâtha but in Sam Gamgee's case his name was short for Banazîr. ~ (BAN2)
banakil n. halfling ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (BAN2, KHIL)
Banazîr name. half-wise, simple ~ Appendix F ~ (BAN2, *ZIG)
Bannâtha name. ~ (?BAN2)
banno pl. bannut n. hill ~ (BAN1)
bara adj. quick <- Barabatta ~ PM/52 ~ (BAR)
Barabatta n. Quick-talker ~ PM/52 ~ Apparently, W. had given up the habit of Ad. to use only the stem in making such compounds, cf. izindubêth. It is unlikely that the whole compound was equipped with the male denominator -a of h. W. first names ~ (BAR, BITH)
-bas suff. -wick, -wich ~ PM/48, Appendix F, final notes ~ Q. ~mas
basto pl. bastun n. cake ~ TT/17 ~ (BAS'T) S. bass bread
bat(t) n. expression, saying, word ~ (BITH)
batta n. speaker ~ Barabatta ~ PM/52 ~ Ad. bêthân (BITH) undoubtedly related to E. KWET/*PET
Batti name. Barney ~ PM/60, 52
Bilba name. Bilbo ~ PM/50
bolg- v. bulge ~ PM/48
Bophîn name. meaning forgotten ~ Appendix F
bralda adj. heady ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (BAR)
Bralda-hîm name. heady ale ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ pun of the name of the Baranduin translated "Brandywine ~ (BAR, HIN)
brand(a) n. borderland, march ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ Ad. barrad (BAR)
Brandagamba name. Marchbuck ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (BAR, *GAB)
Branda-nîn name. borderland-water, marchbourn ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (BAR, *NIN)
Bunga name. Bungo ~ PM/48
castar n. a coin of some sort, equal of four tharni ~ PM/45
Crassaras name. Caradhras ~ (*KAR'S, RAS)
dramar n. smith ~ Ad. tamar (*TAM)
Drú n. Drúadan ~ S. drú (DRUGHU)
Drúadan n. Drúadan ~ S. drúadan
emma n. mother ~ Ad. ammê (*MAM)
gad- v. stay <- Ranugad ~ Appendix F, final notes
Galabas name. Gamwich ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (*GAL'P)
galap galab- n. game ~ PM/48 Appendix F, final notes ~ (*GAL'P)
Galbasi name. Gammidgy ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (*GAL'P)
Galpsi name. Gamgee ~ Galbasi (*GAL'P, MBAS)
gamba n. buck, goat ~ TT/17 ~ (*GAB)
glibi adj. fat ~ TT/17 ~ (*GIL'B)
gul n. valley <- Karningul ~ Appendix F
halda adj. tall ~ TT/17 ~ (*HAL'D) Q. halla
hamanullas n. unidentified small blue flower, tentatively translated "lobelia ~ PM/47 ~ ham(a) + nulla
hîm(a) n. beer, ale ~ PM/54 ~ (*HIM)
hloth(o) n. 'cot', dwelling containing two rooms ~ PM/49 ~ AW. holoth < Ad. hôlat
Hlothram n. cottager, "cotman ~Appendix F, final notes ~ PM/49 ~ hloth-ram(a) (*LUTH, *RAM)
Hlothran name. Cotton ~ (*LUTH, *RAM)
hloth-ran(a), lothran n. cotton ~ (*LUTH, *RAN)
i v. to be ~ TT/17
iskirde n. rune ~ TT/17 ~ S. cirth
iskirttêl n. runic series ~ TT/17 ~ Tal. skirditaila
kali adj. merry, jolly, gay ~ Appendix F ~ (*KAL)
karnin adj. cloven ~ Karningul ~ Appendix F ~ E. SKAR
Karningul n. Cloven Valley; Rivendell ~ Appendix F ~ karnin + gul
kast n. mathom ~ kastu (*KAS'T)
kastar n. valuable, a monetary unit, S. mirian ~ kasto (*KAS'T)
kasto n. gift ~ TT/17 ~ (*KAS'T)
kastu, kastun n. treasure ~ TT/17 ~ kastar (*KAS'T)
-kil m. suff. Man ~ (KHIL)
kuduk n. hobbit ~ Appendix F, final ~ AW. kûd-dûkan (KUD, *DUK)
krassa adj. red ~ TT/17 ~ The vague similarity with S. carn is probably accidental ~ Ad. *kar(a)sa (*KAR'S)
krassat n. Red One ~ TT/17 ~ (*KAR'S)
laban n. bag ~ PM/48 ~ (*LAB'N)
Laban-neg name. Bag-end ~ PM/83 ~ (*LAB'N *NIG)
Labingi name. Baggins ~ PM/48 ~ (*LAB'N)
Labingi pl. Labanim name. Baggins ~ TT/17 ~ Ad. pl. labîna (*LAB'N)
lê- pron. aff. she ~ TT/17 ~ (? *KAL)
lêruccu n. she-bear ~ TT/17 ~ E. MORÓK
lêva n. woman ~ TT/17 ~ (? *KAL)
Lothram n. Cotman, cottager ~ PM/49 ~ hloth-ram(a) (*RAM)
lothran n. cotton ~ PM/49 ~ hlotho + rân hlothran lothram
luthur, luthran n. down, fluff ~ PM/49 ~ It is not clear what grammatical form belongs to luthran ~ luthur (*LUTH)
Maura name. Frodo ~ PM/50 ~ Arch. R. maur (*MUR)
múmak n. oliphaunt
narak pl. naragin n. dwarf ~ PM/58 TT/17 ~ narag nargian (*NAR'G)
nas n. kindred, family ~ PM/320 ~ The short o of Elvish became a in such words, evidently because they were borrowed at the Adûnaic stage. Adûnaic had only long ô, but did possess short a the borrowings altered the quality of the vowel instead of the quantity ~ S. nos
neg n. end ~ PM/83 ~ nêg- (*NIG)
nîn n. water, bourn ~ Branda-nîn ~ E. NEN
Ogmandab name. Gorhendad ~ PM/83
onna n. father ~ TT/17 ~ (*NUN) Q. onta-
ork n. orc ~ Ad. uruk
-oth suff. ~ Ad. -at (SAT)
phârë n. language ~ (*PHA3'R)
phûr-, phûrun v. to delve ~ (*PHUR)
phûru n. delf ~ (*PHUR)
Phûrunargian name. Dwarrowdelf ~ (*PHUR *NAR'G)
pût- v. to blow ~ TT/17 ~ Ad. pûhtâ- (*PUH)
pûta n. blower ~ TT/17 ~ Ad. pûhtân (*PUH)
râ- pron. he ~ (*RAM) Q. nér
râgamba n. buck ~ TT/17 ~ (*GAB)
ram(a) n. man ~ (*RAM)
râmava adj. man-like ~ (*RAM)
râmi adj. male ~ (*RAM)
ran n. man ~ (*RAM)
rân n. a small group of dwellings on a hill-side ~ PM/49 ~ (*RAN)
ran(u) n. home ~ Ranugad ~ Appendix F ~ (*RAN)
Ranugad name. Stay at home ~ perhaps with male declension u- ~ (*RAN, *GAD)
râph(a) n. burr ~ PM/60 ~ (*RAPH)
râruccu n. he-bear ~ (E, MORÓK)
ras n. horn ~ PM/45, 47 ~ (RAS) S. ras
raspûta n. horn-blower ~ PM/45, 47 ~ (RAS, *PUH)
raza n. stranger ~ PM/51 ~ Ad. razân (*RAZ)
razan adj. foreign ~ PM/51 ~ (*RAZ)
Razanur name. (a legendary character), wanderer; Peregrin ~ PM/51 ~ (*RAZ)
razar n. small, red apple ~ PM/51 ~ (*RAZ'R)
ribadyan n. byrding, one celebrating a birthday ~ Letters /290 ~ (BAD'Y???)
ruccu n. bear ~ TT/17 ~ Ad. urugu (E. MORÓK)
Saphta name. Saruman's ~ A. sapthân (SAP(H)AD)
sôval adj. common ~ PM/55 ~ (SAW, *PHAL)
sûza n. province, sphere of occupation, division of a realm ~ PM/45 ~ Ad. sûzâyan (*ZAY'N)
Sûzat name. the Shire ~ PM/45 ~ (*ZAY'N)
tapuk n. rabbit, coney ~ PM/49 ~ (*TAP)
tarkil n. person of Númenórean descent ~ Appendix F ~ Q. tarakhil
têl n. series; alphabet ~ TT/17 ~ Tal. taila
tharantîn n. fourth part, quarter ~ PM/45 ~ Ad. tharan (*THAR'N)
tharni n. 1. fourth part of a kastar 2. farthing of the Shire ~ PM/45 ~ Ad. tharan (*THAR'N)
Tôbi name. Toby ~ Zâra-Tôbi
trah- v. creeping through a hole ~ PM/54 ~ (TAR'H)
trân n. smial, burrow, large tunnel ~ TT/17 Appendix F ~ (*TAR'H)
Tûk name. Took ~ Appendix F, Tûc in PM/46 ~ According to an "unfounded" guess related to a (probably fictitious) p. pt. tûka (tûca) daring
tun(n)as n. body of guards ~ Later tunnas, also so spelt; even later pronounced with a short (single) n, but still normally spelt with double nn; the incorrect spelling tunas occurred in the original Book of Mazarbul and was rendered by the equally incorrect spelling gard in Tolkien's reconstruction of this page (that did not make it into the published LotR). ~ See PM /320 and TI /458. ~ AW. tudnas (*TUD, NAS)
tung adj. great ~ D. (*TUG)
tungat name. Stoor ~ (*TUG)
tûph n. roof ~ TT/17 ~ (*TUPH)
(u)gad- v. to stay ~ Ranugad ~ (*GAD)
-ur suff. denominator of weak nouns ~ Razanur ~ Ad. ~ ûr (*?UR)
-val suff. ~ Soval ~ (*PHAL)
zâr(a)- adj. old ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (*ZAR)
Zaragamba name. Oldbuck ~ Appendix F, final notes ~ (*ZAR, *GAB)
Zâra-Tôbi name. old Toby a pipe-weed brand ~ (*ZAR)
Zilbirâpha n. Butterbur ~ PM/60, 52 ~ (*ZIL'B, *RAPH)
zilib, zilbe n. ~ TT/17 ~ (*ZIL'B)
zîr(a) adj. wise ~ TT/17 ~ AW. zihir(a) (*ZIG) Q. saira
zîranda adj. wiser ~ TT/17 ~ (*ZIG)
zîrandas n. wisest one ~ TT/17 ~ (*ZIG)
zîrant n. wise one ~ TT/17 ~ (*ZIG)
zîrôna adj. wisest ~ TT/17 ~ (*ZIG)